Description
A Purple heart within a Gold border, 1 3/8 inches wide,
containing a profile of General George Washington. Above the heart
appears a shield of the Washington Coat of Arms (a White shield with two
Red bars and three Red stars in chief) between sprays of Green leaves.
The reverse consists of a raised Bronze heart with the words
"FOR MILITARY MERIT" below the coat of arms and leaves.
Ribbon
The ribbon is 1 3/8 inches wide and consists of the following stripes:
1/8 inch White 67101; 1 1/8 inches Purple 67115; and 1/8 inch White 67101.
Criteria
a. The Purple Heart is awarded in the name of the President of the
United States to any member of an Armed Force who, while serving with the
U.S. Armed Services after 5 April 1917, has been wounded or killed, or who
has died or may hereafter die after being wounded;
(1) In any action against an enemy of the United States;
(2) In any action with an opposing armed force of a foreign country in which
the Armed Forces of the United States are or have been engaged;
(3) While serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict
against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party;
(4) As a result of an act of any such enemy of opposing armed forces;
(5) As the result of an act of any hostile foreign force;
(6) After 28 March 1973, as a result of an international terrorist attack
against the United States or a foreign nation friendly to the United States,
recognized as such an attack by the Secretary of the department concerned,
or jointly by the Secretaries of the departments concerned if persons from more
than one department are wounded in the attack; or,
(7) After 28 March 1973, as a result of military operations, while serving
outside the territory of the United States as part of a peacekeeping force.
(8) After 7 December 1941, by weapon fire while directly engaged in
armed conflict, regardless of the fire causing the wound.
(9) While held as a prisoner of war or while being taken captive.
b. A wound for which the award is made must have required treatment
by a medical officer.
Components
a. Decoration (regular size): MIL-D-3943/24;
NSN for set 8455-00-269-5757; individual medal 8455-00-246-3833.
b. Decoration (miniature size): MIL-D-3943//24.
c. Ribbon: MIL-R-11589/126. NSN 8455-00-9948.
d. Lapel Button (metal replica of ribbon bar): MIL-L-11484/18.
NSN 8455-00-253-0818.
Background
a. The original Purple Heart, designated as the Badge of Military Merit,
was established by General George Washington by order from
his headquarters at Newburgh, New York, August 7, 1782.
The writings of General Washington quoted in part:
"The General ever desirous to cherish a virtuous ambition in his soldiers,
as well as to foster and encourage every species of Military Merit, directs
that whenever any singularly meritorious action is performed, the author
of it shall be permitted to wear on his facings over the left breast, the figure
of a heart in purple cloth or silk, edged with narrow lace or binding.
Not only instances of unusual gallantry, but also of extraordinary fidelity
and essential service in any way shall meet with a due reward".
b. So far as the known surviving records show, this honor badge was
granted to only three men, all of them noncommissioned officers:
Sergeant Daniel Bissell of the 2d Connecticut Regiment of the
Continental Line; Sergeant William Brown of the 5th Connecticut
Regiment of the Continental Line, and Sergeant Elijah Churchill of the
2d Continental Dragoons, which was also a Connecticut Regiment.
The original Purple Heart depicted on the first page is a copy of the
badge awarded to Sergeant Elijah Churchill and is now owned by the
New Windsor Cantonment, National Temple Hill Association,
PO Box 525, Vails Gate, NY 12584. The only other known original badge
is the badge awarded to Sergeant William Brown and is in the possession
of The Society of the Cincinnati, New Hampshire Branch but differs
in design by not having any lettering embroidered on the heart and the
leaves are at the top only with a larger spray of leaves at the base.
c. Subsequent to the Revolution, the Order of the Purple Heart had fallen into
disuse and no further awards were made. By Order of the President of the
United States, the Purple Heart was revived on the 200th Anniversary of George Washington's birth, out of respect to his memory and military achievements,
by War Department General Orders No. 3, dated 22 February 1932.
The criteria was announced in War Department Circular dated
22 February 1932 and authorized award to soldiers, upon their request,
who had been awarded the Meritorious Service Citation Certificate or
were authorized to wear wound chevrons subsequent to 5 April 1917.
d. During the early period of World War II (7 Dec 41 to 22 Sep 43),
the Purple Heart was awarded both for wounds received in action
against the enemy and for meritorious performance of duty.
With the establishment of the Legion of Merit, by an
Act of Congress, the practice of awarding the
Purple Heart for meritorious service was discontinued.
By Executive Order 9277, dated 3 December 1942,
the decoration was extended to be applicable to all
services and the order required that regulations of the
Services be uniform in application as far as practicable.
This executive order also authorized award only for wounds received.
e. Executive Order 10409, dated 12 February 1952, revised
authorizations to include the Service Secretaries subject to
approval of the Secretary of Defense. Executive
Order 11016, dated 25 April 1962, included provisions for
posthumous award of the Purple Heart. Executive
Order 12464, dated 23 February 1984, authorized award
of the Purple Heart as a result of terrorist attacks or
while serving as part of a peacekeeping force subsequent to 28 March 1973.
f. The Senate approved an amendment to the 1985 Defense
Authorization Bill on 13 June 1985, which changed the precedent
from immediately above the Good Conduct Medal to immediately
above the Meritorious Service Medals. Public Law 99-145
authorized the award for wounds received as a result of
"friendly fire". Public Law 104-106 expanded the eligibility date,
authorizing award of the Purple Heart to a former prisoner of
war who was wounded before 25 April 1962.
g. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year1998
(Public Law 105-85) changed the criteria to delete authorization
for award of the Purple Heart Medal to any civilian national of
the United States while serving under competent authority in any
capacity with the Armed Forces. This change was effective 18 May 1998.
h. Order of precedence and wear of decorations is contained in
Army Regulation 670-1. Policy for awards, approving authority, supply,
and issue of decorations is contained in AR 600-8-22.
Information Courtesy of
The Institute of Heraldry!!
